Religião e economia: a China tem um espírito protestante?

Ronivaldo Steingraber

Resumo


Este artigo faz uma revisão sobre a relação entre instituições, com destaque para a religião e o desenvolvimento econômico, com ênfase na China. O caso chinês é particularmente interessante, pois depois de décadas de proibição e da tentativa de erradicação da religião, com formação de uma sociedade ateísta, a religião ganha liberdade e até mesmo incentivo do governo. Aqui surge um momento único: a análise da transformação das instituições e seu impacto sobre a sociedade e a economia, particularmente sobre a formação do mercado e das políticas públicas. O destaque da análise se encontra na definição das bases do confucionismo e do budismo sobre a formação das instituições sociais e do mercado chinês, que são diferentes do conceito ocidental de mercado. As diferenças encontradas apontam para uma dualidade: existem características do budismo e do confucionismo que são benéficas ao mercado, como o incentivo ao estudo, a dedicação ao trabalho, além da aceitação de hierarquias e o alinhamento do interesse individual ao interesse comum. Essas religiões, no entanto, condenam o consumismo e promovem uma ética de respeito ao meio ambiente, o que vai na direção oposta do atual crescimento do país.


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