Empreendedorismo como política pública de geração de emprego? Interseções teóricas, históricas e políticas de um conceito neoliberal por excelência
Resumo
O presente artigo possui dois planos analíticos distintos e complementares. O primeiro objetiva reconstituir quais foram os processos teóricos, históricos e políticos que, articulados, conferiram ao conceito de empreendedorismo uma valência positiva particularmente concentrada no seu potencial de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e gerar de empregos. A partir de uma amostra composta por 60 países, o segundo plano examina as relações entre empreendedorismo e desigualdade de renda com o objetivo de questionar as alardeadas vantagens sociais da presença de um elevado percentual de empreendedores no total da população ocupada. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o relativo consenso em torno das benesses do empreendedorismo possui íntima relação com a emergência e posterior hegemonia do neoliberalismo o qual, através da lógica da responsabilização individual, ensejou o paulatino abandono de políticas coletivas por excelência – entre elas, a tarefa civilizatória de organizar o trabalho em um sistema generalizado de proteção social.
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